Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae Rossi, is a key pest of olive on olive-growing areas in the world including, Iran. This monophagous pest was reported in 2004 in olive-growing areas of North of Iran, causing serious damage. Its damage results in reduction of yield quality and quantity. Deployment of resistant varieties and detecting resistance mechanisms can be useful in management programms of this pest. As treditional farmers do not apply cultural or chemical methods to control this pest, deploying resistant varieties will be more acceptable by farmers. In this research, 10 promising olive varieties in Roudbar Olive Research Station (Guilan province) were studied in order to determine the infestation rate of olive fruit fly and chemical compounds of olive drupes (‘ Arbequina’ , ‘ Manzanilla’ , ‘ Leccino’ , ‘ Zard’ , ‘ Konservalia’ , ‘ Amigdalifolia’ , ‘ Kalamata’ , ‘ Roghani’ , ‘ Mari’ and ‘ Fishomi’ ). ‘ Arbequina’ and ‘ Kalamata’ varieties can be considered in developing olive varieties, due to low rate of yearly infestation (8 to 11%). There was no correlation between infestation rate and either morphological traits and chemical compounds in olive oil. However, oleuropein can be considered as one of the resistance factors to olive fruit fly.

The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae Gmelin (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the most important and widespread pest in the olive growing countries in the world. This pest was reported from 13 provinces of Iran in 2004. The larvae feed upon the pulp, resulting in a significant quantitative and qualitative loss in the production of table olives and oil. For identification of suitable methods in attraction and trapping of the pest, this experiment was conducted in a randomized blocks design with 5 replication and 5 treatments, yellow sticky traps with pheromone, McPhail trap with hydrolyzed protein (3%) and malathion (0.2 %), pet traps (1.5 lit. mineral water bottles) with hydrolyzed protein (3%) and malathion (0.2 %), pet traps with Success bait (3%) and yellow sticky traps without any attractive materials. After analyzing data variances, a comparison was made on the averages using Duncan’s methods in probability level of 5%. The study revealed a significant difference in attraction of adult B. oleae by pheromone traps (98.20 ± 16.48) than other treatments but there was not any significant difference within others (P<0.001, df=(4, 20), F=31.08). After the pheromone traps, there were the McPhail traps, pet traps with Success bait, pet trap with protein and yellow sticky traps respectively. Also pheromone traps had a significant difference in attraction of male (66.80 ±9.66) (P<0.001, df=(4, 20), F=43.61) and female adults (31.20 ±6.29) (P<0.001 ,df=(4, 20), F=19.23) than other treatments too. In this matter there was not any significant difference within others. It was noticed that pheromone traps had a significant difference in attracted the highest number of adult flies in every seasons during a year. In winter (late December) only pheromone traps were suitable to attract the adults.

The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the most important and widespread pest in the olive growing countries in the world. The larvae feed upon the pulp, resulting in a significant quantitative and qualitative loss in the production of table olives and oil. In this research, infected fruits from infected areas were collected and biological and reproductive parameters were evaluated at 27±1oC, 60-70% RH and photoperiod of 16L: 8D on olive fruit, Zard variety. Because of internal function of immature stages of the pest, we supposed that the gross hatch rate was equal to 1 and survival rate (lx) of adults was compared with the initial egg number. Results showed that incubation period of eggs, larval and pupal stages lasted in 3.26±0.095, 13.13±0.28 and 9.13±0.34 days respectively. Development time of the pest in suitable condition was 25.53±0.48 days. Pre-oviposition time, oviposition time and post-oviposition time was 5.64±0.31, 51.64±1.73 and 4.07±0.68 days respectively. The average of adult longevity for males was 38.57±2.56 and for females was 61.36±2.15 days. The total number of laid eggs laid in suitable conditions was 214.25±22.38 per female (139-256). The sex ratio was 1.1: 1, female: male. The survival rate until last stages of life cycle was equal to 1 but in this time some females was dead that it appeared as fluctuations in the rate. The gross and net fecundity and fertility rate of the pest on olive fruits was 118.20 and 46.97 respectively, because the gross hatch rate was supposed equal to 1. Mean egg per day was 1.90 and mean eggs/female/day was 0.89. Mean fertile eggs per day and mean fertile eggs/female/day were equal to 1.90 and 0.89 too. Results of showed that generation time (T) was 58.18 days, doubling time (DT) was 8.88 days, finite rate of increase (l) was 1.08 and intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.078.

This research aimed to determine the most suitable time to harvest olive fruits (Olea euopeae cv. Zard) infected with olive fly larvae based on the quality and quantity of the extracted oil. The experiment factors included the fruit type at two levels (1: infected fruits, 2: healthy fruits) and the harvest time at six levels (0: the time of olive fly larvae exit, 1: one week after the fly larvae exit, 2: two weeks after the olive fly larvae exit, 3: three weeks after the olive fly larvae exit, 4: four weeks after the olive fly larvae exit and 5: five weeks after the fly larvae exit). The fresh oil of fruit was extracted and analyzed for measuring qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The results showed that the effect of fruit type was significant on the extinction coefficient at 232 and 270nm (K232 and K270). The effect of harvest times was significant on K320, oil percent (p≤, 0. 05) and acidity (p≤, 0. 05), but had no significant effect on K270 and peroxide (p≤, 0. 05). The interaction effect of fruit type and harvest time was significant only on acidity (p≤, 0. 05) and was not significant on other parameters. Based on the results, the healthy fruits had lower acidity and peroxide number and higher oil percentage than infected fruits and therefore had better quality. It can be concluded that the best time to harvest the fruit was two weeks after the larva leaves the fruit because, after that, the negative effects of olive fly larvae on the quantity and quality of fruit oil are high, while before that, quality indicators of the fruit are not affected by olive fly larvae.

Olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi). (Dip.: Tephritidae) is the main pest of olive orchards in Guilan, Qazvin and Zanjan provinces. In this study seasonal population fluctuations, bio-ecology characteristics and olive orchard infestation were investigated in the orchards of Tarom Sofla (Ghazvin province) in 2014-16. Sex pheromones (on yellow sticky traps) were used to catch the adult flies and fruit sampling carried out to reveal the pest development and fruits infestation rate. Based on the results, flight activity of the adults occurred throughout the season with different densities, which depends on weather conditions. The fly had 3-4 overlapping generation per year. Immature stages observed in mid-Jun. Ovipositing in the fruits (1 st generation) started in late spring and early summer, coinciding with pit hardening. The 2 nd generation found from mid-August to mid-September and the 3 rd generation started from end of September. In three years, the fruit infestation means at Kalaj and Ghoshchi were 2. 4%, 5. 1%; 4. 7%, 6. 2% and 8. 7%, 21. 3%, respectively.

The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Dip.: Tephritidae), is an important pest affecting olive crops, leading to substantial economic losses and diminishing both the quality and quantity of olive oil production. This study investigated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) treatments at concentrations of 1 mM and 2 mM, with a control, on the Manzanilla olive variety in Rudbar Olive Research Station, Guilan Province during 2021 and 2022. The results indicated that both the year and treatment factors had a significant effect on different developmental stages of olive fruit fly including egg, first, second, and third instar larvae and pupae. The treatment effects were significant across all measured traits. Damage assessments revealed that salicylic acid reduced the contamination of fruit to pupae and adult insects due to disruption in egg to larval formation. The year-related effects on various fruit morphological traits, including length, width, weight, volume, density, fruit flesh weight, and kernel dimensions were significant during the two years survey. The treatment effect was significant for all traits except for the width, fruit weight, and flesh weight of the fruit. Analysis of olive oil fatty acid composition demonstrated an increase in oleic and linoleic acids amount in treatments versus control. The concentration of squalene in healthy samples treated with 2 mM salicylic acid was significantly higher than control in 2022. These findings show that salicylic acid can be considered in olive fruit fly integrated management programs

Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), is one of the most important and main pests that attack olives all around the world, especially in Mediterranean countries. This research was done to study some biological characteristics of the pest in two years. This pest has three to five generations in the Tarom sofla area of Qazvin province. Results showed that fly overwinters as adult mainly but rarely as pupa beneath the plant debris and surface soil layer of the olive orchards. The olive fruit fly attacks the fruits as the weather warms up and after a period of reproductive diapause, in late spring and early summer, at the same time as the olive core hardens (Pit hardening). Climatic changes and olive tree phenology and access to olive fruit were constant and fully correlated with olive fruit fly activity. Based on these results, the first generation, because of the favorable conditions and the product of in the first year, happened generally in July, the second generation has continued between August and September, the third generation between September and October, the fourth generation in October and November, and the fifth generation or the wintering generation in November and December. But in the second year, due to the low yield and weather conditions, the first generation was generally observed in August, the second generation in September, the third generation between September and October, and the fourth generation (wintering generation) in October and November, and another fruit was not observed in December. Due to the long oviposition period, the olive fly has overlapping generations. The density of the olive fly population in the third and fourth generation is more than the first and second generation. In the early generations, the sex ratio is in favor of males, but in the last generation, it changes to 1: 1.

Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae Rossi (Dip.: Tephritidae) is the most important pest of olive orchards in IRAN. There are different methods to control the pest such as using different types of traps by attractive compounds or sexual pheromones, Bait spray on canopy, trunk or spray on some rows of trees and cover spray. In this research, efficiency of a new technique "Lure and Kill" by using magnet-ol® traps was evaluated and compared with other kinds of traditional traps. The results were evaluated by two way attractions of traps and reduction of fruits infestation. Results showed that "Lure and Kill" technique using Magnet-ol® trap had no significant differences in comparison with other traps. Mean number of flies captured by yellow sticky traps using bicarbonate ammoniumas attractant was 1.00 ± 0.454, yellow sticky traps was 1.00±0.423, Magnet ol was 1.00±0.315 and Olipe traps was 0.75 ± 0.435. The total infestation index of Magnet ol® Traps in comparison was3.5% with control plot 6.7% until October that indicated a positive impact of magnet-ol® traps andthis method could be used as one of the olive fruit fly control